The results of the toxic trace metals show that Cr has the highest concentration of 6.175 ☐.001 mg/kg (Cowbell), when compared to other toxic trace metals analyzed. There was significant difference in the levels of the trace metals in the different brands of infant formula milk. Significant differences in means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test.
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Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance using SPSS 24 statistical software package. The concentrations of five essential metals in six selected (NAN, Cowbell, MY BOY, CERELAC, FRISO GOLD and NUTREND) infant formulae sold in Makurdi metropolis, were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Hence, there is the need for the manufacturers in Nigeria to continue to strive to reduce the non-essential elements concentration in their products since they pose serious health challenges to infants who takes these foods. Furthermore, the concentration of Sb is also found to be high in samples C 2 of the cereal formula. However, the concentrations of Ba and Sb are high in samples C 1 of both the milk formula. In addition, the results obtained for non-essential trace elements in most samples are within the recommended tolerable level. The results shows the samples analyzed contains adequate amounts of essential trace elements measured with Mn being slightly deficient, particularly in sample A 1 of the milk formula and A 2 of the cereal formula. The samples were irradiated for both short and long regimes with the irradiation time of 2 minutes and 6 hours respectively in a neutron flux of 5 x 10 11 ncm -2 s -1 with the Research Reactor at the Centre for Energy Research and Training, CERT, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Plan to perform a small water change at least every two weeks, up to 20% of your tank volume.We have applied Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in the analysis of various essential trace elements Mg, Ca, Mn, K, Cr, Co and Zn and non-essential trace elements Al, Br, La, Yb, Rb, Ba, Eu and Sb in some Nigeria commercial milk and infant cereal formulas. Water changes are required to remove waste products and to replace trace elements. Test at least once a month to make sure your phosphate levels are in the proper range. All living things require phosphorus to survive but excess phosphate in your tank can inhibit coral growth. None of these things are good for your fish, so check your levels often. Ammonia is toxic for fish and it eventually converts into nitrite then nitrate with the help of beneficial bacteria. As your aquarium fish eat and grow, they will excrete waste which breaks down into ammonia.
Check your calcium levels weekly and supplement as needed to maintain the ideal concentration in your tank water. Many reef aquariums incorporate live corals which means that they’ll be sucking calcium from your tank water. The quickest way to know whether conditions in your tank are ideal is to test your tank water – you should test for pH and alkalinity at least once a week.